Inguzanyo Y’ubucuruzi

Ese ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyawe gikeneye inguzanyo yo gukoresha mu mushinga w’igihe gito cyangwa kugura umutungo? Inguzanyo dutanga zashyiriweho gukemura ibibazo ufite.

Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyawe gikeneye amafaranga yo gukoresha kugirango kibashe gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi. Turiho kugirango tubafashe gucunga neza ibikorwa byawe kugirango ukabashe kwibanda kugutanga serivisi nziza ari nako ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyawe gitera imbere.

Ibyiza byayo

Wishoberwa. Niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi kihutirwa cyangwa ukaba ukeneye gukemura ikibazo runaka, iyi ni yo gahunda y’ubucuruzi ikubereye. Ijanisha ry’inyungu ku nguzanyo usabwa riri hasi kandi birihuta kwemererwa inguzanyo. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, uzaba uri kuzigama amafaranga n’igihe.

Ibyiza byayo

Tangira umushinga w’igihe kirekire wizeye ko tukuri inyuma. Iki gicuruzwa cyashyiriweho kugirango kikuzamure kigufasha gukora amasezerano yo kugura inzu y’ubucuruzi cyangwa gushora amafaranga mu mishanga yubaka sosiyete yawe.

Urifuza inguzanyo y’igihe kirekire yo gukoresha mu mushinga munini? Igisubizo cyiza ni ugukoresha inguzanyo y’igihe kirekire itangwa n’ibigo by’imari bifatanyije. Kuberako itangwa n’ibigo by’imari bitanga inguzanyo biba byishyize hamwe, ibyo bigatuma bigenda neza ku mpande zombi kuberako ingorane zishobora gukomoka ku nguzanyo ziba zinyuranye ku ruhande rwa banki kandi umukiriya nawe akabona inguzanyo yose yifuza.

Hitamo inguzanyo ziberanye n’umushinga wawe. Dutanga inguzanyo zimara igihe kirekire ukoresha mu mishanga yawe cyangwa ukoresha kugirango ubone igikorwaremezo kujyanye n’ibyo uteganya. Nta kiza kuruta ibyo.

Ibyiza byayo

Dukoresheje amikoro dufite, dushobora gufasha amasosiyete n’ibigo by’abakiriya bacu gukemura ibibazo byabo byo mu rwego rw’imari. Muze dukomezanye.

Binyuze mu gushora amafaranga mu mpapuro mvunjwafaranga, ushobora gukusanya amafaranga ukeneye gukoresha mu mishanga yawe y’igihe kigufi n’igihe giciriritse. Nk’inzobere, dufasha abakiriya bacu kubona amafaranga yo gukoresha mu mishanga y’igihe kirekire no muri gahunda zitwara amafaranga menshi.

Ibyiza byayo

Iki gicuruzwa gifasha abakiriya kwishyura amafaranga y’ubwishingizi nyuma y’igihe runaka kigabanya igitutu cyo mu rwego rw’imari cyo kwishyura amafaranga adahinduka yo kugura ubwishingizi. Iyi nguzanyo yishingira imitungo nk’amazu, imodoka, amakamyo, ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza, ibikoresho byo mu biro, ibicuruzwa biri mu bubiko n’ibindi.

Ibiranga igicuruzwa n’ibyiza bya cyo

• Umukiriya yishyura mbere icyiciro cya mbere kiba gikubiyemo n’inyungu hanyuma banki igashyira amafaranga yose y’ubwishingizi kuri konti ya sosiyete iri muri BPR Bank; ibyo bigatuma abasha kubona ako kanya ubwishingizi bwuzuye.
• Ibyiciro bikurikira byishyurwa buri kwezi mbere binyuze mu gukura amafaranga kuri konti isanzwe yo kubitsa no kubikuza.
• Sosiyete y’ubwishingizi yishingira umukiriya ku buryo iyo umukiriya atishyuye umwenda we , banki ishobora kwitabaza ingwate ikanasaba sosiyete y’ubwishingizi igice cy’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi kitakoreshejwe.



Ibyiza byayo:

• Kuyisaba biroroha (amasaha 48).
• Igitutu ku mafaranga akoreshwa kiragabanuka.
• Yishyurwa mu buryo bworoshye (ibyiciro 10 bibaye byinshi).
• Igira uburyo ishobora kwishyurwamo igihe cyo kwishyura kitaragera.
• Guhitamo mu bafatabuguzi benshi.
• Serivisi z’ubwishingizi zinyuranye.
• Inyungu ku nguzanyo zidahenze.




Ibisabwa:

• Amasezerano ahuza impande eshatu ashyirwaho umukono n’impande zose uko ari eshatu
• Indangamuntu/Icyemezo cya Nomero iranga umusoreshwa ku bantu ku giti cyabo n’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi.
• Inyandiko z’ishingwa rya sosiyete ku masosiyete.
• Icyemezo cy’ishingwa cyangwa cy’iyandikwa rya sosiyete.

Iki gicuruzwa ni ingirakamaro kuri wowe niba uri umucuruzi ushaka gukodesha imitungo yo gukoresha aho kuyigura.

Ibyiza byayo

• Ukodeshwa ni we nyir’umutungo.
Umutungo wose uko wakabaye n’uw’ukodeshwa.
• Iba ikubiyemo inyungu, igishoro n’Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro.
Amafaranga y’ubukode aba akubiyemo, inyungu, igishoro n’Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro
• Ibyerekeranye n’Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro.
Umukiriya asaba inguzanyo z’Imisoro ku Nyongeragaciro mbere ku nyemezabuguzi z’ukodeshwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza asanzwe agenga Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro usabwa kuri buri bukode (harimo imari shingiro n’Inyungu).
• Agaciro kaba Gasigaye (RV).
Ibi biterwa n’umutungo waguzwe hakoreshejwe inguzanyo kandi muri rusange uba ufite agaciro gasigaye kari hagati ya 15% na 30% hamwe n’Amasezearano yo Kongera Kuwugura yizewe) yakozwe n’Ugemura Igicuruzwa cyangwa n’undi muntu. Icyitonderwa: Amasezerano y’ubukode ashobora kunyurana, haseguriwe iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku mategeko.

Twakoranye n’abafatanyabikorwa b’abacuruzi kugirango abakiriya bacu b’amasosiyete babashe kugurishwa ibicuruzwa ku biciro byiza mu gihe cyo kugura no gukodesha ibinyabiziga.

Ibyiza byayo

• Ubona inguzanyo yose
Aya ni amasezerano y’ubukode aho imari yose y’igishoro iba yishyuwe.
• Ukodeshwa aba ari we nyir’umutungo.
Umutungo wose uko wakabaye n’uw’ukodeshwa.
• Inyungu z’ukodesha.
Agabanyirizwa umusoro ku nyungu bitewe n’ubusaze bw’umutungo.
• Ibyerekeranye n’umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro.
Umukiriya asaba inguzanyo z’Imisoro ku Nyongeragaciro mbere ku nyemezabuguzi za banki hakurikijwe amabwiriza asanzwe agenga Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro usabwa kuri buri bukode.

Inyandiko zishingira ubwishyu zifasha kugabanya ingorane zinyuranye zijyana n’ubucuruzi bukorerwa imbere mu gihugu cyangwa n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Tugufasha twizeza uguha ibicuruzwa ko azishyurwa mu gihe ibisabwa runaka bizaba byujujwe.

Ibyiza byayo

• Ubwishyu buba bwizewe.
Banki itanga inyandiko zishingira ubwishyu yizeza banki yemera igikorwa ko izishyurwa igihe cyose hazaba hatanzwe inyandiko zemeza ko ibisabwa byuharijwe.
• Ingorane zishobora kuvuka ziragabanuka.
Kenshi na kenshi, ingorane zishobora kuvuka umuguzi ahura nazo ziragabanuka.
• Ituma hashobora kubaho ibikorwa byinshi byo gupakira ibicuruzwa.
Ituma hashobora kubaho ibikorwa byinshi byo gupakira /gupakira ibicuruzwa ku buryo buhoraho igihe cyose ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa n’igiciro cya byo byijejwe na sosiyete yigenga ikora ubugenzuzi bwa byo mbere yo kubipakira.
• Kubasha guhabwa izindi serivisi/ibicuruzwa.
Ituma umuntu abasha kubona izindi serivisi nk’inguzanyo mbere yo gupakira n’inguzanyo ishingiye ku yindi ( structured finance).
• Itangwa ku gihe.
Ituma ibicuruzwa bitangwa ku gihe n’ubwishyu bugakorwa

Iyi nguzanyo y’igihe gito ihabwa mbere na mbere abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y’igihugu. Tugufasha gushora amafaranga mu bicuruzwa byawe noneho ukishyura ku mafaranga avuye mu bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze cyangwa ku mafaranga agomba kwishyurwa n’abakiriya bawe.

Ibyiza byayo

• Itanga amafaranga yo gukoresha.
Ifasha umukiriya kwinjiza andi mafaranga yo gukoresha; ibyo bikamufasha gukora ibikenewe ku isoko.
• Ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ingwate biroroshye.
Ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ingwate kugirango ufate iyi nguzanyo biterwa n’amafaranga ukeneye.
• Ituma habasha gupakizwa ibintu byinshi.
Ituma umukirya kwakira komande nini cyane
• Ibiciro byiza.
Ibiciro byayo ni byiza ugereranyije n’izindi nguzanyo
• Ishobora kongera gutangwa.
Umukiriya ashobora kongera gusaba iyi nguzanyo nyuma y’igihe runaka.

Rimwe na rimwe, igihe cyo kwishyura abaguhaye ibicuruzwa gishobora kugera mbere y’uko abakiriya bawe bakwishyura. Nukoresha iyi Nguzanyo Itangwa Nyuma yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa hanze, BPR BANK izaziba icyuho cy’imari inakorohereze kwishyura iguha igihe cy’inyongera cyo kwishyura inguzanyo yawe.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Yongera igihe inguzanyo imara.
Banki yongerera umukiriya wa yo igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo kitavuzwe; ibyo bigatuma abasha kugera ku bwumvikane n’ugurisha ku byerekeranye n’ibiciro byiza.
• Ijanisha ry’inyungu ku nguzanyo ryo hasi.
Ishimire ijanisha ry’inyungu ku nguzanyo ryo hasi (LIBOR, hiyongereyeho andi mafaranga macye)
• Kwishyura Inyemezabuguzi zijyana n’Inyandiko Zishingira ubwishyu (Offsets LC bills).
Ikoreshwa n’abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kugirango bishyure Inyemezabuguzi zijyana n’Inyandiko zishingira ubwishyu iyo igihe cyo kuzishyura kigeze aho gukura amafaranga kuri konti isanzwe yo kubitsa no kubikuza.
• Hasabwa amafaranga ya serivisi macye.
Ni byiza kuyikoresha iyo ari nta mafaranga ari kuri konti y’umukiriya kubera ko amafaranga asabwa ari macye ugereranyije na O/D.

Iyo wakiriye komande y’umukiriya uzwi ariko ukaba utabasha kuyikora ukoresheje amafaranga yawe bwite, BPR Bank iguha inguzanyo yo gushyira mu bikorwa iyo komande.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Itanga inguzanyo kugeza ku kigero cya 70% cy’agaciro k’iyo komande.
Fata inguzanyo kugeza ku kigero cya 70% cy’ikiguzi cy’ibicuruzwa bisabwa kugemurwa.
• Ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ingwate biroroshye Ingwate zisabwa kugirango ufate iyi nguzanyo ziterwa n’umubare w’amafaranga y’inguzanyo usaba.
• Ijanisha ry’inyungu ku nguzanyo riri hasi.
Ishimire ijanisha ry’inyungu ku nguzanyo yawe riri hasi.
• Inguzanyo yemerwa Vuba.
Ishimire ko inguzanyo yawe yemerwa vuba.
• Inguzanyo itangwa mu minsi 90 cyangwa mbere ya ho.
Amafaranga y’inguzanyo aba yabikujwe mbere y’uko iminsi 90 igera bitewe n’ibikubiye muri Komande (LPO).

Iyo ukoze amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ukaba ukeneye umwishingizi, BPR Bank igufasha kugabanya ingorane zo kuba wananirwa kwishyura cyangwa gushyira mu bikorwa ayo masezerano. Ingwate za BPR BANK zemerwa haba mu gihugu imbere cyangwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Kongera ingano y’amafaranga akoreshwa.
Umukiriya abona inguzanyo; bityo akaba yongereye ingano y’amafaranga akoresha
• Kwishyurwa bikorwa ako kanya.
Iyo umukiriya ananiwe kwishyura, ugomba kwishyurwa ahita yishyurwa ako kanya.

Wihagarika umushinga wawe bitewe n’uko utarishyurwa. Inguzanyo y’amafaranga yo gukoresha dutanga ituma uhorana amafaranga igihe ugitegereje kwakira cyangwa gukusanya ubwishyu bujyanye n’imirimo warangije gutangira inyemezabuguzi. Iyi nguzanyo igufasha gucunga amafaranga ukoresha n’ibisabwa byo mu rwego rw’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga kuri rwiyemezamirimo nk’imishahara, ibigenerwa abakozi, no kwishyura ibindi bitwara amafaranga mu gihe ugitegereje kwishyurwa.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Guhita ubona amafaranga ako kanya.
Guhita ako kanya ubona amafaranga y’ibyo wagurishije n’ubwo bwose uba utarishyurwa n’abakiriya bawe.
• Biriroshye kuyisaba.
Ishimire uburyo byoroshye gusaba iyi nguzanyo.
• Ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ingwate biroroshye.
Ishimire kubona amafaranga yo gukoresha y’inyongera usabwe ingwate zoroshye.

Iyi nguzanyo ihabwa abakora ibicuruzwa batabasha kubona inguzanyo ishingiye ku ishusho y’umutungo. Ukora ibicuruzwa abona amafaranga hashingiwe ku bicuruzwa afite mu bubiko mbere y’uko ibyo bicuruzwa bigurwa ku isoko.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Amafaranga ahita aboneka ako kanya.
Guhita ako kanya ubona amafaranga y’ibigurishwa n’ubwo bwose uba utarishyurwa n’abakiriya bawe.
• Biroroshye kuyisaba.
Ishimire uburyo byoroshye gusaba iyi nguzanyo
• Ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ingwate biroroshye.
Ishimire kubona amafaranga yo gukoresha y’inyongera usabwe ingwate zoroshye.

Dufasha abacuruzi gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga dutunganya impapuro zitangwa hakurikijwe uko zigenda zisabwa. Izi zishobora kuba ari impapuro zishyurwa amafaranga, impapuro zo kwemera na/cyangwa izirebana n’ingwate itangwa na banki.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Amafaranga ya serivisi asabwa na banki ni macye.
Zirehendutse ugereranyije na LC mu bijyanye n’amafaranga ya serivisi asabwa na banki
• Zisumwa mu gihe gito.
Ishimire igihe cyo kuzisuzuma gito no kwishyurwa mu buryo bwihuse
• Ubwishyu bwizewe.
Niba ari impapuro zijyanye no kwemera (DA), ifasha utumiza ibicuruzwa hanze kubona igihe cyo kubona inguzanyo ari nako iha uwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ikizere ko azishyurwa.
• Kwishyura mu buryo bworoshye.
Utanga amafaranga yishyura mu buryo bworoshye ( cyane cyane ku mpapuro zijyanye no kwemera)
• Nta ngaruka igira ku bushobozi bwo guhabwa inguzanyo bw’umukiriya (credit line).

Ubu ni ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bukoresha ingwate zidasanzwe zemewe aho ikiba kigamijwe ari ukugurisha ibikoresho fatizo.

Ibyiza bya yo

• Kubona amafaranga y’inguzanyo.
Kubasha kubona inguzanyo igihe ari nta yindi nguzanyo ihari.
• Inguzanyo ihuzwa n’uko ubucuruzi bugenda bukorwa.
Uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bugenda buhuzwa n’ibyo ukora ibicuruzwa akora n’uko ubucuruzi bwe bugenda bukora.
• Igikorwa kitariinjizwa mu mitungo ya sosiyete/amafaranga.
Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gikoresha inguzanyo iba itarinjizwa mu mitungo yacyo; ibyo bigatuma igipimo cy’imyenda y’icyo kigo kiba hasi ugereranyije n’umutungo bwite wa cyo.
• Ukora ibicuruzwa ashingira ku byo yagiye akora mu bihe byahise.
Ituma ukora ibicuruzwa ashingira ku byo yagiye akora mu bihe byahise mu buryo burimo ingorane nke.